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Agriculture in the United States is in the midst of a major
transition motivated by economic and environmental factors. These
include water quality and quantity, soil erosion, and the
compatibility of agricultural production practices and the quality
of the environment. Within the context of this change, US
agricultural policy seeks to balance several objectives including
an abundance of food and fibre at reasonable prices, economic
security for agricultural producers, and conservation of natural
resources. Agricultural chemical use and soil and water quality
degradation associated with agricultural production are significant
among the environmental problems confronting the United States. In
fact, these are now perceived as environmental problems comparable
to other environmental problems such as air quality deterioration
and the release of toxic pollutants from industrial sources. While
the growth of agricultural chemical use is an integral part of the
technological revolution in agriculture that has generated major
changes in production techniques, uncertainties about the health
effects of agricultural chemicals are very important concerns.
Severe soil degradation from erosion, compaction, or salinisation
can destroy the productive capacity of the soil. It can also impair
water quality from sediment and agricultural chemicals. This
important new book looks at both of these significant issues - the
relationship between agricultural chemical use and the environment
and the relationship between soil and water quality degradation
associated with agricultural production and the environment.
The process of formulating and implementing telecommunications
policy in the United States often seems chaotic and disorganised,
with overlapping responsibility and frequent conflicts among
federal and state regulators, Congress, the Administration, and the
Federal judiciary. There has never been a consensus on what should
change and what should remain unaltered. Telecommunications policy
has evolved gradually over a relatively long period of time,
resulting in a cumulative major transformation. It is still tied,
however, to the Communications Act of 1934. Actions have been taken
that have gradually moved policy from traditional public utility
regulation of a monopoly to greater reliance on market forces and
encouragement of competition. The policies are an amalgam
incorporating elements from a wide range of political and economic
views. There is nothing endemic in this transformation process to
guarantee that the resulting policies have led to greater economic
efficiency or that they are better in some subjective sense than
alternatives that are available. This being the case, what is very
useful is an ex post assessment of the policies that have been
implemented in order to evaluate their impact. An objective
evaluation of the impact of a policy affords an opportunity to make
adjustments to it based on the realised economic consequences. This
approach to policy making can be looked upon as a learning-by-doing
exercise. In this book a number of objective studies based on data
from various telecommunications systems are presented. These
studies discuss and evaluate policies that have been implemented.
In a number of instances, the policies have been misguided.
Recommendations to correct the most egregious problems are offered.
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